MADHULIKA (Root)
The drug consists of dried root of Eleusine corocana (L.) Gmrtn. (Fam. Poacem), an erect, stout, annual grass, cultivated throughout India.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Ragi, Madhuli, Markatahastatrna
Assamese : —
Bengali : Marua
English : Finger Millet, Ragi
Gujrati : Naagali-Baavato
Hindi : Manduaa, Makaraa, Raagi
Kannada : Raagi
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Muttari, Raagi
Marathi : Naachnee
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Kodra, Madua, Koda
Tamil : Raagi, Kejhavaragu(siddha)
Telugu : Raagulu, Tagidelu
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Root fibrous, well branched, upto 25 cm long, 3.5 mm in thickness, gradually tapering, creamy white, rough and dirty; root hairs present, fracture, brittle, fibrous, centre hollow; taste, earthen; no odour.
b) Microscopic
T.S. shows epiblema consisting of two layers, the cells of the outer layer giving rise to root hairs; the inner layer called rhizodermis has slightly thicker walled hexagonal cells, followed by a cortex traversed by trabeculm, giving rise to large air spaces; endodermis characterized by the presence of casparian strips on the radial walls, followed by a single layered pericycle of fibre and stone cells; stone cells circular, with radial canals, and a narrow or wide lumen; phloem and xylem patches present below this layer arranged radially; pith cells somewhat circular and parenchymatous.
Powder – Shows under the microscope, tracheids measuring between 115 and 285 n in length and between 13 and 40 n in breadth, circular pits present on the surface; vessels elongated, cross wall perforation plates simple; elongated pits present on the walls of vessel; thin walled parenchymatous cells and circular stone cells present.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 5.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of methanolic extract of the drug on precoated silica gel G plate, using methanol – chloroform (3 : 7) and on spraying with 10% sulphuric acid in ethyl alcohol followed by heating the plate for five minute at 110oC, three spots appeared at Rf. 0.82 (Pink colour) comparable to the spot of sitosterol glucoside, 0.23 (Blackish grey), 0.15 (Blackish grey).
CONSTITUENTS – Flavonoids, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, violanthin, lucenin-1, tricin, keto acids; polysaccharide and the free sugars, β-sitosterol glucoside.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Pittahara, Vrsya, Tridosasamaka, Raktadosahara, Rasayana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Amlapittantaka Modaka, Amrta Guggulu, Asvagandhadi Leha, Kusthadi Kvatha, Katutumbyadi Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Svasa, Kasa, Trsna, Karapada Daha, Vrkkasmari, Jvaropdrava
DOSE – 5-10 g.
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